Russia has begun to establish satellite communications over Ukraine thanks to the deployment of the «Rassvet» low-Earth orbit system. The first satellites are already creating several communication windows each day, enabling strike drones to be controlled directly during attacks. In March, Russia launched 16 satellites, and in July it launched a second batch into orbit.
Briefly about the main points
- «Rassvet» is the Russian low-Earth orbit equivalent of Starlink.
- The first satellites provide several communication sessions over Ukraine every day.
- The system can be used to control attack drones during attacks.
- In March, Russia launched 16 satellites, followed by a second batch in July.
- The Russian Federation may achieve more stable coverage towards the middle of 2027.
The coverage is not yet permanent
Russia’s current number of satellites does not allow it to provide continuous coverage over Ukraine. Instead, the satellites create specific time slots during which terminals can maintain a connection with the satellite network.
For certain tasks, this may be sufficient: communication along a section of the route or during guidance can enhance the capabilities for controlling the drone. At the same time, some of the first satellites are experiencing technical problems: one satellite has been lost, and some have failed to reach their planned orbit.
«Dawn» is being developed by «Bureau 1440», a subsidiary of «IKS Holding». The company positions the network as a civilian broadband data transmission system and states that terminals can be installed on moving objects.
Russia is still a long way from having a permanent network
Russia’s plans envisaged the deployment of 292 satellites by the end of 2027. It is this large constellation, together with the ground infrastructure and terminals, that will determine the duration and stability of coverage over a specific territory.
Assuming a launch schedule that is favourable for Moscow, more stable satellite coverage over Ukraine could be in place by around mid-2027. This could increase the independence of Russian communications from Western services, whilst for Ukraine Starlink has become critically important on the front line.
The US Air Force’s July report, «Dawn», mentions Russian investment in commercial low-Earth orbit and dual-use technologies. The authors of the document estimate that, in the future configuration of the network, up to 100 of the 900 satellites could be designated for controlling drones and other unmanned systems.
Government support for the project
In May 2025, the Russian government allocated 3.851821 billion roubles to «Bureau 1440» for the development of 16 low-Earth orbit broadband communication satellites. This indicates that the project is supported not only by the private sector but also by the state.
The developer has also reported on trials of inter-satellite laser communication. Such channels can transmit data between satellites and reduce the network’s reliance on ground-based gateways, although the system’s stated technical specifications have not been independently verified.
