Turkey has begun the first tests of its own fifth-generation tactical aircraft, the KAAN. The prototype, codenamed P1, has undergone ground tests: experts have tested the engines, braking system, flight controls and other critical components. The programme is set to move on to flight tests in a few months’ time.
Briefly about the main points
- The KAAN P1 prototype has undergone its first ground tests.
- The aircraft was inspected whilst taxiing.
- They tested the engines, brakes and flight controls.
- Flight tests are due to begin in a few months’ time.
- The KAAN programme comprises a static glider and two flight prototypes.
Pre-flight checks
The ground phase allows the interaction of key on-board systems to be tested whilst the vehicle is in motion, prior to moving on to more complex modes of operation. For P1, the tests covered engine operation, braking and flight control systems, as well as other critical components.
Flight tests are scheduled to begin in a few months’ time. These flights are set to be the next step in testing the prototype, following taxiing and ground procedures.
KAAN is expanding its test facility
Programme. KAAN It already has some flight experience: the first prototype made its maiden flight in February 2024. In February 2026, the Turkish Defence Industries Directorate reported on three key models — a glider for full-scale static tests and two flight prototypes.
The P1 tests are therefore part of a broader expansion of the test programme, rather than an isolated incident. This may speed up the validation of the airframe and systems; however, ground tests alone do not indicate that the aircraft is ready for operational service.
SSB states that the KAAN is being developed to meet the future needs of the Turkish Air Force. The project’s stated features include low observability, high manoeuvrability, and advanced sensor and mission systems; these characteristics are highlighted by both the developers and the Turkish authorities.
The programme also has an international dimension. In June 2025, SSB announced an agreement to supply Indonesia with 48 KAAN aircraft, manufactured in Turkey with the involvement of Indonesian production facilities.
A separate sector — the national engine
At the same time, TEI and TRMOTOR are developing the TF35000 turbofan engine for the KAAN. TEI states that the target thrust is 35,000 pounds and that the engine incorporates technologies designed for a fifth-generation fighter.
The TF35000 is currently under development. Therefore, the ongoing P1 tests and the prospect of switching to a Turkish power plant remain different stages of a single major programme.
