Ukraine is developing special programmes for the return of about 8 million people who fled the war. The government is negotiating with European partners for financial support, but the main condition remains security and decent living conditions. The return process is considered a strategic challenge for the state.
- There are about 8 million Ukrainian refugees abroad
- The government is developing programmes and incentives for their return
- Safety and decent living conditions remain key requirements
- Returns complicate Ukrainians' integration into European labour markets
The scale of migration and its impact on Ukraine
According to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Ukraine Andrey Sibiga, almost 8 million citizens are abroad because of the war, which is significantly higher than the previously reported 6 million. The majority left after the start of Russia's full-scale invasion, avoiding the fighting and occupation. This migration has a significant impact on the economy, demographics and labour market of the country, which is already experiencing a shortage of skilled workers.
Government measures to encourage return
The government has identified the return of Ukrainians as one of its key goals for the coming years. Foreign Minister Andriy Sybiga emphasises that this is also a security challenge. The Ukrainian government is developing a set of measures that include financial incentives, housing, employment and retraining support. At the same time, negotiations with European partners are ongoing to providing financial assistance for the return of refugees.
Safety as the main condition for returning
Security remains a critical deterrent to mass returns. Ukrainians fear missile strikes and instability in certain regions. That is why Ukraine is constantly discussing this issue with international partners in an effort to ensure adequate conditions for life and recovery. The government recognises that without stability and security guarantees, the programmes will not be widely successful.
Challenges of competing for citizens at the international level
A separate problem is that Ukrainian refugees have become in demand on European labour markets. They have integrated into local communities, found jobs and become part of the EU economies. This increases competition for citizens between Ukraine and the countries where they temporarily reside. Ukraine needs to offer attractive conditions for returning to counteract the loss of skilled workers.
Examples of European programmes and prospects for their implementation
Switzerland is already implementing programme financial support for Ukrainian refugees on their return, including compensation for travel expenses and assistance with rental housing. The Ukrainian government is negotiating with European institutions and governments to introduce similar mechanisms. In addition to financial support, there are plans to create an adaptation system to help returnees find employment, retrain and start their own businesses.
Social changes in host countries and their impact
Ireland has adopted a package of amendments that provide for Eviction of Ukrainian refugees out of subsidised housing and encourage them to return home. This indicates a change in the policy of some countries regarding the status of Ukrainians, which may affect future decisions on return. At the same time, it adds additional pressure on Ukraine to quickly create conditions that will encourage citizens to return home.
