Retired US Navy Rear Admiral Mark Montgomery has proposed equipping Ukrainian F-16s with ERAM air-to-ground missiles to engage Russian ballistic missile launchers. This is reported by *The Washington Post*. In his view, such an approach would make it possible to neutralise part of the threat before missiles are launched and reduce reliance on the limited number of Patriot systems and PAC-3 interceptors.
Briefly about the main points
- Montgomery proposes using ERAM on Ukrainian F-16s.
- He says the targets are Russian ballistic missile launchers.
- The ERAM has a range of around 480 kilometres.
- The US has approved the potential sale of up to 3,350 ERAMs to Ukraine.
- To enable this, it is recommended that the F-16’s software be updated.
Probability of neutralising the threat prior to launch
Montgomery links its proposal to the limited number of Patriot systems in Ukraine and the shortage of missiles PAC-3. At the same time, Russia is stepping up its missile production, which, in his view, is placing an increased strain on air defences.
His approach involves not only intercepting ballistic missiles in flight, but also attempting to destroy launchers before launch. This could reduce the consumption of scarce interceptors, but it is no substitute for the Patriot system: success will depend on the rapid detection of a mobile target, the transmission of coordinates and the planning of the strike.
The US Air Force describes the ERAM as a relatively inexpensive air-launched cruise missile designed for mass deployment against high-value stationary targets outside the immediate threat zone. Therefore, its effectiveness specifically against mobile launchers will depend on the entire reconnaissance and strike chain, and not solely on the stated range of the munition.
What is known about ERAM and its integration with the F-16?
The Extended Range Attack Munition has a range of approximately 480 kilometres and a warhead weighing around 227 kilograms. The missile is designed for use in conditions where electronic warfare systems are actively in operation.
On 28 August 2025, the US State Department approved the potential sale of up to 3,350 ERAMs to Ukraine, with an estimated value of up to $825 million, under the Foreign Military Sales programme. This approval paves the way for the deal, whilst the final cost will depend on the final requirements, funding and the agreements signed.
According to Montgomery, adapting the ERAM to Soviet-built aircraft is more difficult than adapting the SCALP missiles or Storm Shadow. Instead, he suggests updating the software F-16 and integrate ERAM into the Fighting Falcon weapon control systems.
Features of the potential package
The potential ERAM package also includes pylons, mission planning tools, weapons software, documentation, training, spare parts and engineering and logistical support. In January, the US Air Force reported that it had conducted a flight test of the ERAM with a live warhead, during which the warhead functioned as intended.
