Donanemab and lecanemab have become the first fully approved medicines that moderately slow the progression of early-stage Alzheimer’s disease, rather than merely alleviating symptoms. This new milestone in dementia research is highlighted in the 2026 World Alzheimer’s Report, prepared by Alzheimer’s Disease International. However, these medicines do not provide a complete cure and require medical supervision.
Briefly about the main points
- The two approved medicines have an effect on the progression of early-stage Alzheimer’s disease.
- The treatment carries medical risks and is not suitable for all patients.
- Up to 45% cases of dementia could potentially be delayed.
- The trials are testing 158 potential treatments.
- By 2050, the number of people with dementia could reach 139 million.
Research is shifting from symptom management to early intervention
For decades, the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease has focused primarily on managing symptoms. A report by Alzheimer’s Disease International states that advances in medicines, diagnostic technologies and preventive approaches are opening up the possibility of intervening in the course of the disease at an earlier stage.
The authors compare this stage to the development of oncology in the 1990s: the initial treatment methods were imperfect, but they laid the foundations for combined and personalised treatment. At the same time, there is currently no single method capable of completely curing Alzheimer’s disease.
The effectiveness of a new treatment is assessed alongside the risks associated with it
Researchers are continuing to assess the clinical significance of the effects of donanemab and lecanemab for patients. These medicines are not a one-size-fits-all solution for everyone with cognitive impairment.
The treatment carries medical risks and therefore requires careful patient selection and monitoring throughout the course of treatment. Its introduction marks the start of a new approach, rather than a definitive solution to the problem of dementia.
Prevention may delay the onset of some cases of dementia
According to updated scientific estimates, up to 45% cases of dementia could potentially be prevented or delayed by addressing 14 modifiable risk factors over the course of a lifetime. This is a population-based estimate, not a guarantee that lifestyle changes will protect every individual from the disease.
- high blood pressure, diabetes and high cholesterol
- depression, social isolation, hearing and vision impairments
- insufficient physical activity, smoking and excessive alcohol consumption
- air pollution and other risk factors
Hundreds of approaches are being tested in clinical trials
According to the World Alzheimer Report 2026, 158 potential treatments are being investigated across 192 clinical trials in various countries. Over the last decade, the number of drug candidates in development has increased by approximately 40%.
Not all candidates will pass all stages of testing and become available to patients. At the same time, the search covers not only new medicines, but also diagnostic technologies and preventive strategies.
Early diagnosis will determine the practical value of new approaches
New methods treatment are most relevant in the early stages of the disease; however, some patients seek help only when the options for intervention are already limited. Blood tests for biomarkers are considered a promising tool, as they could potentially help detect changes associated with dementia. Their accuracy and suitability for widespread use still need to be tested on large population groups.
The need for such solutions will continue to grow: by 2050, there could be around 139 million people with dementia worldwide. The real impact of current progress will depend on the availability of early diagnosis, modern treatment and patient participation in clinical trials.
